{"id":2652,"date":"2024-11-25T14:54:13","date_gmt":"2024-11-25T13:54:13","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/stenger.legal\/?p=2652"},"modified":"2024-11-25T14:54:13","modified_gmt":"2024-11-25T13:54:13","slug":"new-german-federal-supreme-court-ruling-strengthens-airlines-position-when-airlines-are-exempt-from-compensation-due-to-severe-weather-cancellations","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/stenger.legal\/en\/new-german-federal-supreme-court-ruling-strengthens-airlines-position-when-airlines-are-exempt-from-compensation-due-to-severe-weather-cancellations\/","title":{"rendered":"New German Federal Supreme Court Ruling Strengthens Airlines Position: When Airlines Are Exempt from Compensation Due to Severe Weather Cancellations"},"content":{"rendered":"<div id='av_section_1'  class='avia-section av-k0maauhv-722d794a503aa9e6eb7a4cdae65264d0 alternate_color avia-section-large avia-no-border-styling  avia-builder-el-0  el_before_av_section  avia-builder-el-first  avia-bg-style-scroll container_wrap fullsize'  ><div class='container av-section-cont-open' ><main  role=\"main\" itemprop=\"mainContentOfPage\"  class='template-page content  av-content-full alpha units'><div class='post-entry post-entry-type-page post-entry-2652'><div class='entry-content-wrapper clearfix'>\n<div class='flex_column_table av-k0macqdy-22b5bde472144ce07ad1bd648fc1f15e sc-av_one_full av-equal-height-column-flextable'>\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-k0macqdy-22b5bde472144ce07ad1bd648fc1f15e\">\n.flex_column.av-k0macqdy-22b5bde472144ce07ad1bd648fc1f15e{\n-webkit-border-radius:0px 0px 0px 0px;\n-moz-border-radius:0px 0px 0px 0px;\nborder-radius:0px 0px 0px 0px;\npadding:0px 0px 0px 0px;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div class='flex_column av-k0macqdy-22b5bde472144ce07ad1bd648fc1f15e av_one_full  avia-builder-el-1  avia-builder-el-no-sibling  first flex_column_table_cell av-equal-height-column av-align-bottom av-animated-generic fade-in av-zero-column-padding '     ><p><section  class='av_textblock_section av-akjvjb-8cf54157fdaed6af9f110ba0b2977a4c'  itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/BlogPosting\" itemprop=\"blogPost\" ><div class='avia_textblock'  itemprop=\"text\" ><p><b>Aviation Law<\/b><\/p>\n<\/div><\/section><br \/>\n\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-kwc3w1d3-896d4f3cbcf28b955af1b281cf25e9e8\">\n#top .av-special-heading.av-kwc3w1d3-896d4f3cbcf28b955af1b281cf25e9e8{\npadding-bottom:10px;\n}\nbody .av-special-heading.av-kwc3w1d3-896d4f3cbcf28b955af1b281cf25e9e8 .av-special-heading-tag .heading-char{\nfont-size:25px;\n}\n.av-special-heading.av-kwc3w1d3-896d4f3cbcf28b955af1b281cf25e9e8 .av-subheading{\nfont-size:15px;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div  class='av-special-heading av-kwc3w1d3-896d4f3cbcf28b955af1b281cf25e9e8 av-special-heading-h1 blockquote modern-quote  avia-builder-el-3  el_after_av_textblock  avia-builder-el-last  av-linked-heading'><h1 class='av-special-heading-tag'  itemprop=\"headline\"  >New German Federal Supreme Court Ruling Strengthens Airlines Position: When Airlines Are Exempt from Compensation Due to Severe Weather Cancellations<\/h1><div class=\"special-heading-border\"><div class=\"special-heading-inner-border\"><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/p><\/div><\/div><!--close column table wrapper. Autoclose: 1 -->\n\n<\/div><\/div><\/main><!-- close content main element --><\/div><\/div><div id='av_section_2'  class='avia-section av-1trcuv-ebc1ccef8da3744187d350f1b5df0597 main_color avia-section-large avia-no-border-styling  avia-builder-el-4  el_after_av_section  el_before_av_section  avia-bg-style-scroll container_wrap fullsize'  ><div class='container av-section-cont-open' ><div class='template-page content  av-content-full alpha units'><div class='post-entry post-entry-type-page post-entry-2652'><div class='entry-content-wrapper clearfix'>\n\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-dhmgdj-0d223fc6d5835d8321527e1f634715f3\">\n.flex_column.av-dhmgdj-0d223fc6d5835d8321527e1f634715f3{\n-webkit-border-radius:0px 0px 0px 0px;\n-moz-border-radius:0px 0px 0px 0px;\nborder-radius:0px 0px 0px 0px;\npadding:0px 0px 0px 0px;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div class='flex_column av-dhmgdj-0d223fc6d5835d8321527e1f634715f3 av_one_fifth  avia-builder-el-5  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.av-image-caption-overlay-center{\ncolor:#ffffff;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div  class='avia-image-container av-kl15mkxp-4ebb07421640348df0fd500c41a71d67 av-styling-no-styling avia-align-center  avia-builder-el-7  avia-builder-el-no-sibling '   itemprop=\"image\" itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/ImageObject\" ><div class=\"avia-image-container-inner\"><div class=\"avia-image-overlay-wrap\"><img decoding=\"async\" class='wp-image-2646 avia-img-lazy-loading-not-2646 avia_image ' src=\"https:\/\/stenger.legal\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/900x450_ws_snowstormbgh.jpg\" alt='' title='900x450_ws_snowstormbgh'  height=\"450\" width=\"900\"  itemprop=\"thumbnailUrl\" srcset=\"https:\/\/stenger.legal\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/900x450_ws_snowstormbgh.jpg 900w, https:\/\/stenger.legal\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/900x450_ws_snowstormbgh-300x150.jpg 300w, https:\/\/stenger.legal\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/900x450_ws_snowstormbgh-768x384.jpg 768w, https:\/\/stenger.legal\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/900x450_ws_snowstormbgh-360x180.jpg 360w, https:\/\/stenger.legal\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/900x450_ws_snowstormbgh-705x353.jpg 705w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 900px) 100vw, 900px\" \/><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-dhmgdj-10-6258e01dfdff79e8dd1b5b46f1a641a5\">\n.flex_column.av-dhmgdj-10-6258e01dfdff79e8dd1b5b46f1a641a5{\n-webkit-border-radius:0px 0px 0px 0px;\n-moz-border-radius:0px 0px 0px 0px;\nborder-radius:0px 0px 0px 0px;\npadding:0px 0px 0px 0px;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div class='flex_column av-dhmgdj-10-6258e01dfdff79e8dd1b5b46f1a641a5 av_one_fifth  avia-builder-el-8  el_after_av_three_fifth  el_before_av_one_fourth  flex_column_div av-zero-column-padding '     ><\/div>\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-dhmgdj-9-27e0ec82a738421997b1632cd35b3567\">\n.flex_column.av-dhmgdj-9-27e0ec82a738421997b1632cd35b3567{\n-webkit-border-radius:0px 0px 0px 0px;\n-moz-border-radius:0px 0px 0px 0px;\nborder-radius:0px 0px 0px 0px;\npadding:0px 0px 0px 0px;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div class='flex_column av-dhmgdj-9-27e0ec82a738421997b1632cd35b3567 av_one_fourth  avia-builder-el-9  el_after_av_one_fifth  el_before_av_one_half  first flex_column_div av-zero-column-padding column-top-margin'     ><\/div>\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-c66f6f-a2fdf59e8bd97eb8c5f963f91b9389a2\">\n.flex_column.av-c66f6f-a2fdf59e8bd97eb8c5f963f91b9389a2{\n-webkit-border-radius:0px 0px 0px 0px;\n-moz-border-radius:0px 0px 0px 0px;\nborder-radius:0px 0px 0px 0px;\npadding:0px 0px 0px 0px;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div class='flex_column av-c66f6f-a2fdf59e8bd97eb8c5f963f91b9389a2 av_one_half  avia-builder-el-10  el_after_av_one_fourth  el_before_av_one_fourth  flex_column_div av-zero-column-padding column-top-margin'     ><p><section  class='av_textblock_section av-akjvjb-12-8cb5ce5680c3860ef7e0a7101a1a5450'  itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/BlogPosting\" itemprop=\"blogPost\" ><div class='avia_textblock'  itemprop=\"text\" ><p><strong>November 25th, 2024<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/div><\/section><br \/>\n\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-akjvjb-8-de6a06891bb77fc1b9f222c6970e2137\">\n#top .av_textblock_section.av-akjvjb-8-de6a06891bb77fc1b9f222c6970e2137 .avia_textblock{\nfont-size:24px;\n}\n<\/style>\n<section  class='av_textblock_section av-akjvjb-8-de6a06891bb77fc1b9f222c6970e2137'  itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/BlogPosting\" itemprop=\"blogPost\" ><div class='avia_textblock'  itemprop=\"text\" ><p><strong>Case Overview<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>The plaintiff is demanding compensation from the airline under Regulation (EC) No. 261\/2004 through assigned rights. The passengers had booked a flight from Stuttgart to Hamburg on February 27, 2020, at 6:15 p.m., which was canceled by the airline due to a snowstorm in Stuttgart. This weather event led to delayed slots from air traffic control at Stuttgart Airport, causing substantial delays throughout the airport. With specific reference to this flight route, the airline canceled the rotation as weather conditions on preceding flights and resulting slot delays, combined with flight restrictions due to night curfews, prevented timely operation of the Hamburg flight. This decision was made to ensure that the aircraft could carry out its scheduled flights from Stuttgart the next day. As a result, passengers arrived in Hamburg with a 12 hour, 44 minute delay. The district court initially awarded the plaintiff EUR 250 in compensation, but the appellate court dismissed the claim, prompting the plaintiff to file an appeal.<\/p>\n<p><strong>BGH Legal Reasoning<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>The BGH rejected the plaintiff\u2019s appeal and upheld the appellate court\u2019s decision, exempting the airline from compensation due to extraordinary circumstances. The ruling is based on Article 5(3) of Regulation (EC) No. 261\/2004, which allows airlines to deny compensation in extraordinary circumstances.<\/p>\n<p>The BGH determined that a snowstorm qualifies as an extraordinary circumstance under passenger rights law, as severe weather can lead to delays due to ATC-slot restrictions. Furthermore, the BGH specified that the disruptive effects of the snowstorm, which already caused delays for previous flights, may also be considered for later flights, as long as there is a direct link between the extraordinary circumstance and the cancellation. Airlines may invoke extraordinary circumstances when deciding to cancel certain flights to avoid further delays across the entire schedule. Accordingly, the judges not only consider the individual flight but the entire airline\u2019s flight schedule. The ruling explicitly states, \u201cAn airline is not required to operate all scheduled flights without regard for consequences as long as they are feasible; instead, it may seek ways to minimize disruptions caused by extraordinary circumstances on the affected aircraft\u2019s operational mode.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>The court emphasized that airlines have discretion in canceling flights when extraordinary circumstances arise. This includes taking measures to minimize disruption to subsequent flights. Consequently, the BGH found the airline&#8217;s decision to cancel the Hamburg flight and the return to Stuttgart reasonable to enable scheduled flights to operate punctually the following day. Additionally, the BGH accepted the airline&#8217;s evidence of providing alternate transportation the next day to deny compensation under Regulation (EC) No. 261\/2004.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Assessment<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>This ruling is beneficial for airlines, as it clarifies the conditions for liability exemption under Regulation (EC) No. 261\/2004 in extraordinary circumstances and defines airlines&#8217; defense options in such situations. The BGH decision grants airlines some flexibility regarding cancellations when extraordinary circumstances are present, emphasizing their ability to address future impacts on their flight schedules.<\/p>\n<dl>\n<dt><strong>1. Exemption from Liability for Extraordinary Circumstances<\/strong><\/dt>\n<dd>Article 5(3) of Regulation (EC) No. 261\/2004 provides that airlines are exempt from compensation obligations when unavoidable extraordinary circumstances arise, even if all reasonable measures were taken. The BGH clarifies that a snowstorm constitutes an extraordinary circumstance if it directly impacts flight operations, as it did here by delaying ATC slots. Extraordinary circumstances are determined by natural events and weather, such as snowstorms or strong winds, which cause delays and disruptions that cannot be avoided through reasonable precautionary measures. Additionally, capacity restrictions at airports and slot management disruptions are relevant factors in these cases; airlines are dependent on assigned ATC slots, which can be heavily impacted, quickly affecting the entire schedule and preventing timely flight operations.<\/dd>\n<dd><\/dd>\n<dt><strong>2. Discretion in Cancellations<\/strong><\/dt>\n<dd>The BGH ruling highlights that airlines have a degree of discretion when extraordinary circumstances disrupt operations. This is critical for airlines needing to respond swiftly in crisis situations, such as snowstorms or natural disasters, to mitigate further operational disruptions. In this case, the airline canceled the Hamburg flight and its return leg to Stuttgart to ensure the aircraft could depart punctually the next day. However, an airline cannot cancel flights simply to free up space for other passengers; this would be impermissible under Regulation (EC) 216\/2004 and EU Court of Justice case law. The BGH emphasizes that airlines have a limited but essential discretion to stabilize operations under extraordinary circumstances.<\/dd>\n<\/dl>\n<p>The BGH applied the following assessment criteria:<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li><strong>Proof of Extraordinary Circumstance: <\/strong>The airline must demonstrate that an extraordinary circumstance exists. In this case, the airline successfully showed that a snowstorm disrupted flights throughout the day.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Link between Extraordinary Circumstance and Cancellation: <\/strong>A causal connection must exist between the extraordinary circumstance and the flight cancellation, especially when disruptions occur during earlier flights, forcing the airline to prioritize certain flights.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Balancing and Minimizing Operational Impact: <\/strong>The airline must take reasonable measures to mitigate the impact of the circumstances on all passengers. The BGH highlights the need to consider the \u201coperational mode\u201d of the airline, meaning airlines may consider disruptions in the context of their overall operations.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Feasibility of Alternatives: <\/strong>The airline must assess alternatives, such as re-routing passengers on other flights or deploying a replacement aircraft. In this case, the airline demonstrated that there were no faster travel options for passengers to reach Hamburg.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p><strong>Conclusion<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>This ruling primarily addresses situations where extreme weather events affect overall flight operations. The scope of discretion focuses on unforeseen natural events impacting multiple flights. The BGH decision strengthens airlines\u2019 positions by expanding their operational flexibility and discretion during extraordinary circumstances. The ruling reflects an understanding of airlines&#8217; &#8220;operational mode&#8221; and clarifies the conditions under which airlines are exempt from compensation obligations. It acknowledges operational realities during major disruptions and provides airlines with valuable guidance for crisis management in similar situations, enabling them to stabilize operations and minimize the impact of extraordinary circumstances.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/section><br \/>\n<section  class='av_textblock_section av-akjvjb-7-fc701bd38ce8f7cece95b0d562520b44'  itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/BlogPosting\" itemprop=\"blogPost\" ><div class='avia_textblock'  itemprop=\"text\" ><p><strong>The \u201cAmerican Airlines\u201d Decision of the ECJ from October 6, 2022 (case no.: C-436\/21)<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Let\u2019s take a look back: In the \u201cAmerican Airlines\u201d decision, the ECJ ruled that a single booking exists even if a travel agency combines flights from different airlines into a single reservation, charges a total price, and provides a single ticket. Crucial to the court\u2019s reasoning was that it did not matter whether the airlines had a contractual relationship. Rather, the single ticket alone entitled passengers to a continuous transportation right. The ECJ concluded that a single booking or a flight with \u201cdirect connecting flights\u201d under Art. 2 lit h) of Reg. (EC) 261\/2004 exists if two or more flights are part of a single booking.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Implications for Airlines<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>The American Airlines decision poses new challenges for airlines when dealing with flights sold by OTAs as connected journeys, even though the airline only operates a portion of the route. One issue in particular is that airlines are often unaware of the additional flights OTAs combine into a \u201cwhole\u201d journey through virtual interlining. In these cases, airlines only issue booking numbers for their own flights, while OTAs provide their own \u201cinternal\u201d reference number, which typically doesn\u2019t match the airline\u2019s issued booking numbers. This lack of transparency can lead to airlines being held liable unexpectedly. Some OTAs\u2019 terms and conditions at least clarify that certain flight combinations should be considered separate, but this is an exception. Passengers generally have limited awareness of how these details affect their rights in the event of flight disruptions.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Pre-Trial Order of the Regional Court of Landshut from October 22, 2024 &#8211; 13 S 1024\/24e (Unauthorized Agency)<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>In October 2024, our Aviation Team could demonstrate in several passenger rights cases that OTA bookings often fail to meet the quality of a \u201csingle booking\u201d as defined above.<\/p>\n<p>In a pro-airline pre-trial order from the Regional Court of Landshut, a single booking was rejected in an appeal process. A leading passenger rights portal\u2019s claim for compensation for a flight from Munich to Palma de Mallorca was dismissed in the first instance. The Erding Local Court rejected the claim as it did not recognize the booking confirmation issued by an OTA as a confirmed booking under Reg. (Ec) 261\/2004. According to the court\u2019s findings, the booking had been issued by an unauthorized travel agency. No cooperation between the agent and the airline or confirmation of the booking by the defendant could be proven.<\/p>\n<p>The Landshut Regional Court agrees and intends to dismiss the portal\u2019s appeal, noting that an OTA invoice alone does not constitute a \u201cconfirmed booking.\u201d An invoice merely reflects the information provided by the issuer. Actions of a third party are, therefore, generally not a clear indicator for a booking confirmation. Furthermore, the court noted that the plaintiff\u2019s reference to the above ECJ ruling does not apply, as it involves a different context: the unauthorized agent does not qualify as a \u201ctravel company\u201d under the ECJ definition.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Judgment of Local Court of K\u00f6nigs Wusterhausen (Berlin) of October 11, 2024 &#8211; 200 C 54\/24 (Invalid \u201cScreen-Scraping\u201d Bookings)<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>In another related case before the Local Court of K\u00f6nigs Wusterhausen (Berlin), the claim was denied because the passenger rights platform could not prove that the flights from Berlin via Barcelona to Porto were facilitated by an OTA as a single booking. The submitted booking documents included two different booking codes, of which only one could be assigned to the airline we represented. This contradicts German Federal Supreme Court (BGH) and ECJ case law, which requires one booking code for a single booking.<\/p>\n<p>Moreover, the court noted that the OTA repeatedly informed passengers (e.g. in the booking confirmation) that these were separate tickets. Consequently, each ticket required individual check-in, and through-checked baggage was not possible. This was also clearly communicated in the OTA\u2019s terms and conditions, which the court found to preclude a single booking.<\/p>\n<p>The court further noted that the OTA used the so-called \u201cscreen-scraping\u201d method, which simulates a booking by a regular passenger, without using the airline\u2019s authorized booking channels for agencies. Therefore, according to the court, the intermediary was not authorized to make an official booking on behalf of the airline.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Judgment of the Local Court of Hannover from September 26, 2024 &#8211; 540 C 3176\/24 (Lack of Jurisdiction)<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>In another case, our Aviation Team successfully argued for the dismissal of a claim by the Hannover District Court due to a lack of jurisdiction, given the absence of a \u201csingle booking\u201d.<\/p>\n<p>The case involved multiple flight segments from Hannover via Palma de Mallorca to Malaga. The court found that it lacked both local and international jurisdiction, as claims under the Reg. (EC) 261\/2004 fall under the jurisdiction of the courts at the port of departure or arrival. In this instance, the claim involved a disruption on the onward flight from Palma de Mallorca to Malaga, so the court held that Spanish courts would have jurisdiction, as the existence of a single booking was denied.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Concluding Remarks<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>The ECJ case law on \u201csingle bookings\u201d and \u201cdirect connecting flights\u201d underscores the growing challenges airlines face in a booking environment shaped by OTAs. Airlines should be aware that, in certain situations, they could be held liable for flight disruptions beyond their control.<\/p>\n<p>The recent judgments achieved by our firm demonstrate that, despite the ECJ decision, German courts remain open to the argument that an airline\u2019s liability can be limited to the flight it actually operated or intended to operate (in the event of a disruption). OTAs that independently combine flights do not automatically establish a legal basis for continuous airline liability.<\/p>\n<p>Developing a clear defense strategy is crucial, based on a detailed analysis of booking processes, OTA terms, and a careful review of booking documentation and specific contractual relationships between airlines and OTAs.<\/p>\n<p>As a law firm specializing in aviation law, we support airlines in defending against unjustified passenger claims. Our expertise and recent court successes demonstrate that a well-founded defense strategy not only saves costs but also enhances legal certainty for all involved. Please feel free to contact us!<\/p>\n<\/div><\/section><\/p><\/div>\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-78sj7b-5981ae9f9ed2ce3ea05800ac98725130\">\n.flex_column.av-78sj7b-5981ae9f9ed2ce3ea05800ac98725130{\n-webkit-border-radius:0px 0px 0px 0px;\n-moz-border-radius:0px 0px 0px 0px;\nborder-radius:0px 0px 0px 0px;\npadding:0px 0px 0px 0px;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div class='flex_column av-78sj7b-5981ae9f9ed2ce3ea05800ac98725130 av_one_fourth  avia-builder-el-14  el_after_av_one_half  el_before_av_one_fourth  flex_column_div av-zero-column-padding column-top-margin'     ><\/div>\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-9ta813-a13773d2aa4a207de6e8e138ad612cd0\">\n.flex_column.av-9ta813-a13773d2aa4a207de6e8e138ad612cd0{\n-webkit-border-radius:0px 0px 0px 0px;\n-moz-border-radius:0px 0px 0px 0px;\nborder-radius:0px 0px 0px 0px;\npadding:0px 0px 0px 0px;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div class='flex_column av-9ta813-a13773d2aa4a207de6e8e138ad612cd0 av_one_fourth  avia-builder-el-15  el_after_av_one_fourth  el_before_av_one_half  first flex_column_div av-zero-column-padding column-top-margin'     ><\/div>\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-78sj7b-5-e079e67bc3807836721a37f5064c329e\">\n.flex_column.av-78sj7b-5-e079e67bc3807836721a37f5064c329e{\nborder-width:1px;\nborder-color:#999999;\nborder-style:solid;\n-webkit-border-radius:0px 0px 0px 0px;\n-moz-border-radius:0px 0px 0px 0px;\nborder-radius:0px 0px 0px 0px;\npadding:30px 30px 30px 30px;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div class='flex_column av-78sj7b-5-e079e67bc3807836721a37f5064c329e av_one_half  avia-builder-el-16  el_after_av_one_fourth  el_before_av_one_fourth  flex_column_div column-top-margin'     ><style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-akjvjb-6-751cb8fe0139631922c102da6f56f046\">\n#top .av_textblock_section.av-akjvjb-6-751cb8fe0139631922c102da6f56f046 .avia_textblock{\nfont-size:14px;\ncolor:#999999;\n}\n<\/style>\n<section  class='av_textblock_section av-akjvjb-6-751cb8fe0139631922c102da6f56f046'  itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/BlogPosting\" itemprop=\"blogPost\" ><div class='avia_textblock av_inherit_color'  itemprop=\"text\" ><h5>Source<\/h5>\n<p>Federal Court of Justice, 24.09.2024, file:. X ZR 136\/23<\/p>\n<\/div><\/section><\/div>\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-78sj7b-4-953629a82b7a9372aba025eb3d030a79\">\n.flex_column.av-78sj7b-4-953629a82b7a9372aba025eb3d030a79{\n-webkit-border-radius:0px 0px 0px 0px;\n-moz-border-radius:0px 0px 0px 0px;\nborder-radius:0px 0px 0px 0px;\npadding:0px 0px 0px 0px;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div class='flex_column av-78sj7b-4-953629a82b7a9372aba025eb3d030a79 av_one_fourth  avia-builder-el-18  el_after_av_one_half  avia-builder-el-last  flex_column_div av-zero-column-padding column-top-margin'     ><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><!-- close content main div --><\/div><\/div><div id='av_section_3'  class='avia-section av-k0maauhv-13-9487a2d4cd68638d6ae48b95e09dc666 alternate_color avia-section-large avia-no-border-styling  avia-builder-el-19  el_after_av_section  avia-builder-el-last  avia-bg-style-scroll container_wrap fullsize'  ><div class='container av-section-cont-open' ><div class='template-page content  av-content-full alpha units'><div class='post-entry post-entry-type-page post-entry-2652'><div class='entry-content-wrapper clearfix'>\n\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-78sj7b-2-53cab8b7a298fd141078602e1d911316\">\n.flex_column.av-78sj7b-2-53cab8b7a298fd141078602e1d911316{\n-webkit-border-radius:0px 0px 0px 0px;\n-moz-border-radius:0px 0px 0px 0px;\nborder-radius:0px 0px 0px 0px;\npadding:0px 0px 0px 0px;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div class='flex_column av-78sj7b-2-53cab8b7a298fd141078602e1d911316 av_one_full  avia-builder-el-20  el_before_av_one_fourth  avia-builder-el-first  first flex_column_div av-zero-column-padding '     ><style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-akjvjb-3-56355c954a1f26993fe11781de15c8e4\">\n#top .av_textblock_section.av-akjvjb-3-56355c954a1f26993fe11781de15c8e4 .avia_textblock{\nfont-size:24px;\n}\n<\/style>\n<section  class='av_textblock_section av-akjvjb-3-56355c954a1f26993fe11781de15c8e4'  itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/BlogPosting\" itemprop=\"blogPost\" ><div class='avia_textblock'  itemprop=\"text\" ><h2 style=\"text-align: center;\">We would be happy to advise you.<\/h2>\n<\/div><\/section><\/div>\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-78sj7b-1-9c5da18ba8d06d9a01a4ea93b3184ea4\">\n.flex_column.av-78sj7b-1-9c5da18ba8d06d9a01a4ea93b3184ea4{\n-webkit-border-radius:0px 0px 0px 0px;\n-moz-border-radius:0px 0px 0px 0px;\nborder-radius:0px 0px 0px 0px;\npadding:0px 0px 0px 0px;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div class='flex_column av-78sj7b-1-9c5da18ba8d06d9a01a4ea93b3184ea4 av_one_fourth  avia-builder-el-22  el_after_av_one_full  el_before_av_one_half  first flex_column_div av-zero-column-padding column-top-margin'     ><\/div>\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-6khu07-f717ddc046eef236834079e21720ef46\">\n.flex_column.av-6khu07-f717ddc046eef236834079e21720ef46{\n-webkit-border-radius:0px 0px 0px 0px;\n-moz-border-radius:0px 0px 0px 0px;\nborder-radius:0px 0px 0px 0px;\npadding:0px 0px 0px 0px;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div class='flex_column av-6khu07-f717ddc046eef236834079e21720ef46 av_one_half  avia-builder-el-23  el_after_av_one_fourth  el_before_av_one_fourth  flex_column_div av-zero-column-padding column-top-margin'     ><div class=\"single-contact no-link avia-builder-el-24  avia-builder-el-no-sibling \"><div class=\"single-contact-inner\"><p>Contact<\/p><p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"250\" height=\"320\" src=\"https:\/\/stenger.legal\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/02\/stenger-rechtsanwaelte-dr-wiebke-seyffert-250x320.jpg\" class=\"wp-image-879 avia-img-lazy-loading-879 attachment-lawyer-thumbnail size-lawyer-thumbnail wp-post-image\" alt=\"\" \/><\/p><p><strong>Dr. Wiebke Seyffert<\/strong><\/p><p><a href=\"tel:+49 (40) 36 09 86 0\">T: +49 (40) 36 09 86 0<\/a><br><a href=\"mailto:wseyffert@stenger.legal\">M: wseyffert@stenger.legal<\/a><\/p><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-25a3ev-1a17c42911c13ecd4b0829311f17473b\">\n.flex_column.av-25a3ev-1a17c42911c13ecd4b0829311f17473b{\n-webkit-border-radius:0px 0px 0px 0px;\n-moz-border-radius:0px 0px 0px 0px;\nborder-radius:0px 0px 0px 0px;\npadding:0px 0px 0px 0px;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div class='flex_column av-25a3ev-1a17c42911c13ecd4b0829311f17473b av_one_fourth  avia-builder-el-25  el_after_av_one_half  avia-builder-el-last  flex_column_div av-zero-column-padding column-top-margin'     ><\/div>\n<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"","protected":false},"author":6,"featured_media":2646,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"inline_featured_image":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[62],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-2652","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-aviation-law"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/stenger.legal\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2652","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/stenger.legal\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/stenger.legal\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/stenger.legal\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/6"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/stenger.legal\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2652"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/stenger.legal\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2652\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2664,"href":"https:\/\/stenger.legal\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2652\/revisions\/2664"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/stenger.legal\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/2646"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/stenger.legal\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2652"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/stenger.legal\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=2652"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/stenger.legal\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=2652"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}