{"id":2791,"date":"2025-02-20T13:51:49","date_gmt":"2025-02-20T12:51:49","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/stenger.legal\/?p=2791"},"modified":"2025-03-06T12:12:11","modified_gmt":"2025-03-06T11:12:11","slug":"reasonable-measures-re-routing-requirements-in-air-passenger-law-the-ignored-subjective-element-part-a","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/stenger.legal\/en\/reasonable-measures-re-routing-requirements-in-air-passenger-law-the-ignored-subjective-element-part-a\/","title":{"rendered":"Reasonable measures: Re-routing requirements in air passenger law &#8211; the ignored subjective element! (Part A)"},"content":{"rendered":"<div id='av_section_1'  class='avia-section av-k0maauhv-722d794a503aa9e6eb7a4cdae65264d0 alternate_color avia-section-large avia-no-border-styling  avia-builder-el-0  el_before_av_section  avia-builder-el-first  avia-bg-style-scroll container_wrap fullsize'  ><div class='container av-section-cont-open' ><main  role=\"main\" itemprop=\"mainContentOfPage\"  class='template-page content  av-content-full alpha units'><div class='post-entry post-entry-type-page post-entry-2791'><div class='entry-content-wrapper clearfix'>\n<div class='flex_column_table av-k0macqdy-22b5bde472144ce07ad1bd648fc1f15e sc-av_one_full av-equal-height-column-flextable'>\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-k0macqdy-22b5bde472144ce07ad1bd648fc1f15e\">\n.flex_column.av-k0macqdy-22b5bde472144ce07ad1bd648fc1f15e{\n-webkit-border-radius:0px 0px 0px 0px;\n-moz-border-radius:0px 0px 0px 0px;\nborder-radius:0px 0px 0px 0px;\npadding:0px 0px 0px 0px;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div class='flex_column av-k0macqdy-22b5bde472144ce07ad1bd648fc1f15e av_one_full  avia-builder-el-1  avia-builder-el-no-sibling  first flex_column_table_cell av-equal-height-column av-align-bottom av-animated-generic fade-in av-zero-column-padding '     ><p><section  class='av_textblock_section av-akjvjb-8cf54157fdaed6af9f110ba0b2977a4c'  itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/BlogPosting\" itemprop=\"blogPost\" ><div class='avia_textblock'  itemprop=\"text\" ><p><b>Aviation Law<\/b><\/p>\n<\/div><\/section><br \/>\n\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-kwc3w1d3-ddd43492bdc53abb0e662e796c9ca353\">\n#top .av-special-heading.av-kwc3w1d3-ddd43492bdc53abb0e662e796c9ca353{\npadding-bottom:10px;\n}\nbody .av-special-heading.av-kwc3w1d3-ddd43492bdc53abb0e662e796c9ca353 .av-special-heading-tag .heading-char{\nfont-size:25px;\n}\n.av-special-heading.av-kwc3w1d3-ddd43492bdc53abb0e662e796c9ca353 .av-subheading{\nfont-size:15px;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div  class='av-special-heading av-kwc3w1d3-ddd43492bdc53abb0e662e796c9ca353 av-special-heading-h1 blockquote modern-quote  avia-builder-el-3  el_after_av_textblock  avia-builder-el-last  av-linked-heading'><h1 class='av-special-heading-tag'  itemprop=\"headline\"  >Reasonable measures: Re-routing requirements in air passenger law &#8211; the ignored subjective element! (Part A)<\/h1><div class=\"special-heading-border\"><div class=\"special-heading-inner-border\"><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/p><\/div><\/div><!--close column table wrapper. Autoclose: 1 -->\n\n<\/div><\/div><\/main><!-- close content main element --><\/div><\/div><div id='av_section_2'  class='avia-section av-1trcuv-ebc1ccef8da3744187d350f1b5df0597 main_color avia-section-large avia-no-border-styling  avia-builder-el-4  el_after_av_section  el_before_av_section  avia-bg-style-scroll container_wrap fullsize'  ><div class='container av-section-cont-open' ><div class='template-page content  av-content-full alpha units'><div class='post-entry post-entry-type-page post-entry-2791'><div class='entry-content-wrapper clearfix'>\n\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-dhmgdj-0d223fc6d5835d8321527e1f634715f3\">\n.flex_column.av-dhmgdj-0d223fc6d5835d8321527e1f634715f3{\n-webkit-border-radius:0px 0px 0px 0px;\n-moz-border-radius:0px 0px 0px 0px;\nborder-radius:0px 0px 0px 0px;\npadding:0px 0px 0px 0px;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div class='flex_column av-dhmgdj-0d223fc6d5835d8321527e1f634715f3 av_one_fifth  avia-builder-el-5  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.av-image-caption-overlay-center{\ncolor:#ffffff;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div  class='avia-image-container av-kl15mkxp-9e13221ee13fd82ef094ecd74fc8aebf av-styling-no-styling avia-align-center  avia-builder-el-7  avia-builder-el-no-sibling '   itemprop=\"image\" itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/ImageObject\" ><div class=\"avia-image-container-inner\"><div class=\"avia-image-overlay-wrap\"><img decoding=\"async\" class='wp-image-2783 avia-img-lazy-loading-not-2783 avia_image ' src=\"https:\/\/stenger.legal\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/rsz_1900x950.jpg\" alt='' title='rsz_1900x950'  height=\"450\" width=\"900\"  itemprop=\"thumbnailUrl\" srcset=\"https:\/\/stenger.legal\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/rsz_1900x950.jpg 900w, https:\/\/stenger.legal\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/rsz_1900x950-300x150.jpg 300w, https:\/\/stenger.legal\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/rsz_1900x950-768x384.jpg 768w, https:\/\/stenger.legal\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/rsz_1900x950-360x180.jpg 360w, https:\/\/stenger.legal\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/rsz_1900x950-705x353.jpg 705w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 900px) 100vw, 900px\" \/><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-dhmgdj-10-6258e01dfdff79e8dd1b5b46f1a641a5\">\n.flex_column.av-dhmgdj-10-6258e01dfdff79e8dd1b5b46f1a641a5{\n-webkit-border-radius:0px 0px 0px 0px;\n-moz-border-radius:0px 0px 0px 0px;\nborder-radius:0px 0px 0px 0px;\npadding:0px 0px 0px 0px;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div class='flex_column av-dhmgdj-10-6258e01dfdff79e8dd1b5b46f1a641a5 av_one_fifth  avia-builder-el-8  el_after_av_three_fifth  el_before_av_one_fourth  flex_column_div av-zero-column-padding '     ><\/div>\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-dhmgdj-9-27e0ec82a738421997b1632cd35b3567\">\n.flex_column.av-dhmgdj-9-27e0ec82a738421997b1632cd35b3567{\n-webkit-border-radius:0px 0px 0px 0px;\n-moz-border-radius:0px 0px 0px 0px;\nborder-radius:0px 0px 0px 0px;\npadding:0px 0px 0px 0px;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div class='flex_column av-dhmgdj-9-27e0ec82a738421997b1632cd35b3567 av_one_fourth  avia-builder-el-9  el_after_av_one_fifth  el_before_av_one_half  first flex_column_div av-zero-column-padding column-top-margin'     ><\/div>\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-c66f6f-a2fdf59e8bd97eb8c5f963f91b9389a2\">\n.flex_column.av-c66f6f-a2fdf59e8bd97eb8c5f963f91b9389a2{\n-webkit-border-radius:0px 0px 0px 0px;\n-moz-border-radius:0px 0px 0px 0px;\nborder-radius:0px 0px 0px 0px;\npadding:0px 0px 0px 0px;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div class='flex_column av-c66f6f-a2fdf59e8bd97eb8c5f963f91b9389a2 av_one_half  avia-builder-el-10  el_after_av_one_fourth  el_before_av_one_fourth  flex_column_div av-zero-column-padding column-top-margin'     ><p><section  class='av_textblock_section av-akjvjb-12-8cb5ce5680c3860ef7e0a7101a1a5450'  itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/BlogPosting\" itemprop=\"blogPost\" ><div class='avia_textblock'  itemprop=\"text\" ><p><strong>February 20th, 2025<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/div><\/section><br \/>\n\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-akjvjb-8-da810d0c6e23e41fdea6b4914d3a8026\">\n#top .av_textblock_section.av-akjvjb-8-da810d0c6e23e41fdea6b4914d3a8026 .avia_textblock{\nfont-size:24px;\ntext-align:justify;\n}\n<\/style>\n<section  class='av_textblock_section av-akjvjb-8-da810d0c6e23e41fdea6b4914d3a8026'  itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/BlogPosting\" itemprop=\"blogPost\" ><div class='avia_textblock'  itemprop=\"text\" ><p>On 24 September 2024, the Federal Court of Justice (BGH) issued a ruling in proceedings with the case number X ZR 109\/23, in which it once again looked at the definition of \u2018reasonable measures\u2019 within the meaning of Art. 5 Para. 3 of Regulation (EC) No. 261\/2004. This article is dedicated to the ECJ&#8217;s mentioned aspect on the limitation of the resources available to the individual airline, which according to their wording already limit the requirements for reasonable measures by considering the business models behind the respective companies.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/section><br \/>\n\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-akjvjb-7-ed45b82bdffd8dc974c4985038243ed8\">\n#top .av_textblock_section.av-akjvjb-7-ed45b82bdffd8dc974c4985038243ed8 .avia_textblock{\ntext-align:justify;\n}\n<\/style>\n<section  class='av_textblock_section av-akjvjb-7-ed45b82bdffd8dc974c4985038243ed8'  itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/BlogPosting\" itemprop=\"blogPost\" ><div class='avia_textblock'  itemprop=\"text\" ><p><br class=\"avia-permanent-lb\" \/>The BGH stated that reasonable measures within the meaning of Art. 5 para. 3 of Regulation No. 261\/2004 include \u201coffering the passenger possible alternative direct or indirect transport on a flight operated by the air carrier concerned or by another air carrier [\u2026.], unless the operation of such alternative transport represents an unacceptable sacrifice for the air carrier concerned in view of its capacity at the relevant time.\u201d Unfortunately, the BGH in result ignores the subjective element, which is considered by the ECJ both regarding the duty of care and the sacrifice limit of the individual airline.<\/p>\n<p>Firstly, the two decisions of the ECJ in which it developed the subjective element will be presented. After that the article looks at the corresponding practical areas of application of the decisions.<\/p>\n<p><strong>I. The statements of the ECJ in the TAP-ruling of 11 June 2020<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>In the judgement of the Fourth Chamber of the ECJ of 11 June 2020 in the proceedings with the case number C-74-19 (\u2018TAP judgement\u2019), para. 61, the Chamber answers the 3rd question referred to it on the reasonable measures as follows:<\/p>\n<p><u>In the event of a delayed first flight of a segmented flight connection<\/u> the carriers generally have &#8211; to comply with Art. 5 para. 1 c and Art. 7 para. 1 of Regulation No. 261\/2004 &#8211; to rebook the affected passenger not (only) onto their own flights, but also onto flights of other airlines. Moreover, the airlines must demonstrate that \u201c<u>there was no other possibility of alternative direct or indirect transport on a flight<\/u> by itself (author&#8217;s note: the air carrier concerned) or on another air carrier\u2019s flight, which arrives with less delay than the next flight of the air carrier concerned\u201d. Therefore, the airlines may not limit themselves to checking their own flights, if the passengers are stranded in the middle of a flight connection.<\/p>\n<p>The ECJ then went on to state in the grounds for the judgement, with regard to the duty of care imposed on the respective air carrier in this regard, that<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px;\"><i>\u201c&#8230; the diligence required of the air carrier &#8230; presupposes that it uses all the means at its disposal to ensure reasonable, satisfactory, and earliest possible alternative transport. This includes the search for other direct or indirect flights, which may or may not be operated by other air carriers belonging to the same airline alliance and which arrive with less delay than the next flight of the air carrier concerned.\u201d<\/i><\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px;\">(ECJ, judgment concerning TAP of 11 June 2020, C-74-19, para. 59)<\/p>\n<p>The ECJ thus states that the air carrier has used all means at its disposal &#8211; and thus taken all reasonable measures &#8211; if it either cannot find a place on another direct flight or another indirect flight connection because such a flight or such a flight connection does not exist or such a place or such a connection does exist but could not be found or booked in the time available using all means at the air carrier&#8217;s disposal.<\/p>\n<p>If such a direct or indirect transport option exists and is recognised by the air carrier using all the means at its disposal, the Fourth Chamber of the ECJ states that it is also important, whether the exercise of such transport options \u201cconstitutes an intolerable sacrifice for the air carrier concerned in view of its capacity at the relevant time\u201d.<\/p>\n<p>The ECJ defines this sacrifice-limit in such a way that alternative transport would constitute an unacceptable sacrifice in view of the air carrier&#8217;s capacities at the relevant time. This limit is also purely subjective and dependant on the situation. It considers the capacities of the specific air carrier &#8211; and not just any air carrier &#8211; as a point of reference on the one hand and takes the specific situation into account on the other. Once again, the ECJ has not established an objective standard, but rather consistently argues on an individual basis. This means that an air carrier does not have to demonstrate which possible alternative transport options were objectively available, but rather <u>which alternative transport options were accessible and reasonable for the air carrier in question in the specific situation.<\/u><\/p>\n<p>As a result, in its \u2018TAP judgement\u2019, the ECJ does not require the air carrier in question to achieve the earliest possible alternative transport, but rather to make a reasonable individual effort up to its subjective sacrifice limit. Furthermore, it is clarified that all reasonable measures are on an equal footing. In the event of the cancellation of a flight, the air carrier concerned always has the option of transporting the passengers affected by this on a replacement aircraft and, due to the availability of its own capacity and the advantage of providing all passengers of an affected flight with alternative transport at the same time, to give preference to this option over rebooking each individual passenger on possibly numerous other scheduled flight connections of third party competitors.<\/p>\n<p><strong>II. The statements of the ECJ in the Austrian Airlines order of 14 January 2021<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>In the order of the Ninth Chamber of the ECJ of 14 January 2021 in proceedings with the case number C-264\/20 (\u2018Austrian Airlines order\u2019), paragraphs 27-32, the Chamber answers the question of re-routing as a part of the characteristics of the extraordinary circumstances referred to it by the Schwechat District Court for the case of a cancelled individual flight as follows:<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px;\"><i><u>\u201cit is incumbent on the air carrier to prove that it was obviously not possible for it to transport the affected passengers elsewhere as quickly as possible without making unacceptable sacrifices in view of the company&#8217;s capacities at the relevant time by taking measures such as resorting to a replacement aircraft or searching for available seats on any flights operated by other air carriers\u201d.<\/u><\/i><\/p>\n<p>The ECJ further states that<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px;\"><i>\u201cin the event of such a circumstance, has taken measures appropriate to the situation by deploying all the human, material and financial resources at its disposal to prevent that circumstance from leading to the cancellation or long delay of the flight concerned, without, however, being required to make unacceptable sacrifices in view of the capacity of its undertaking at the relevant time\u201d.<\/i><\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px;\">(ECJ, order concerning Austrian Airlines of 14 January 2021, C-264-20, para. 28)<\/p>\n<p>In its \u201cAustrian Airlines decision\u201d, the ECJ thus consistently confirmed the individual and situational standard of care already set out above in section I on the \u201cTAP judgement\u201d.<\/p>\n<p><strong>III. Consequences of this case law for the cancellation of a flight or a feeder or connection flight within a uniformly booked flight connection<\/strong><\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>In principle, rebooking as part of the measures to be taken by the airline in the event of cancellation or cancellation of part of a flight connection in accordance with Art. 8 Para. 1b) of Regulation (EC) No. 261\/2004 has already been regulated from the outset under the heading \u201cre-routing to the final destination under comparable travel conditions at the earliest opportunity\u201d.<\/li>\n<li>However, in the opinion of the ECJ, a breach of the obligation to re-route should also mean that the airline cannot exculpate itself from the obligation to pay compensation in accordance with Art. 5(3) of Regulation (EC) No 261\/2004 if, in the event of extraordinary circumstances, it does not also consider this as a <u>reasonable measure to reduce the consequences of the cancellation made necessary by the extraordinary circumstances.<\/u><\/li>\n<li>This constellation corresponds to the constellation that the ECJ had to decide in the \u201cAustrian Airlines proceedings\u201d.<\/li>\n<li>At this point, it should be noted that this interpretation of the elements of Art. 5(3) of Regulation (EC) No 261\/2004 already contradicts the wording and the system of Regulation (EC) No 261\/2004. Art. 5(3) of Regulation (EC) No 261\/2004 initially only states that \u201cthe cancellation is due to extraordinary circumstances which could not have been avoided even if all reasonable measures had been taken\u201d. The legislator originally only wanted the airline to take reasonable measures to avoid the cancellation itself, not all its consequences. Furthermore, the European legislator then expressly regulated the obligations of airlines following cancellations in Art. 8 and 9 of Regulation (EC) No. 261\/2004. Art. 5 (3) and Art. 8 originally constitute a closed system and the obligation to re-route had expressly not been part of Art. 5 (3). This becomes clear when you look at Art. 7 of Regulation (EC) No. 261\/2004. Art. 7 regulates the amount of compensation. It provides in its para. 2 for a 50% reduction of the compensation claim, if the passengers have been offered re-routing to their final destination on an alternative flight in accordance with Art. 8, within a certain period of time after the scheduled arrival time of the originally booked flight depending on the length of the flight.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p><strong>Conclusion<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>The passengers whose flights had been cancelled or who are affected by the cancellation of a flight within their booked flight connection already have the right under Art. 8 of Regulation (EC) No. 261\/2004 to demand re-routing to their final destination under comparable travel conditions at the earliest possible date.<\/p>\n<p>In addition, the standard applied by the ECJ in the \u201cTAP\u201d and \u201cAustrian Airlines\u201d decisions for the interpretation of the \u2018reasonable measures\u2019 criterion in Art. 5 Para. 3 of Regulation (EC) No. 261\/2004 now requires the airline concerned to demonstrate the appropriate using of all human, material and financial resources available which can still be regarded as reasonable up to the subjective sacrifice limit of the individual company. Depending on the individual case, these requirements may be met by the use of a replacement aircraft or by rebooking to own or third-party direct or indirect connections. However, the ECJ does not require an objective review of all possible transport options by third-party companies at any point.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/section><\/p><\/div>\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-78sj7b-5981ae9f9ed2ce3ea05800ac98725130\">\n.flex_column.av-78sj7b-5981ae9f9ed2ce3ea05800ac98725130{\n-webkit-border-radius:0px 0px 0px 0px;\n-moz-border-radius:0px 0px 0px 0px;\nborder-radius:0px 0px 0px 0px;\npadding:0px 0px 0px 0px;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div class='flex_column av-78sj7b-5981ae9f9ed2ce3ea05800ac98725130 av_one_fourth  avia-builder-el-14  el_after_av_one_half  avia-builder-el-last  flex_column_div av-zero-column-padding column-top-margin'     ><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><!-- close content main div --><\/div><\/div><div id='av_section_3'  class='avia-section av-k0maauhv-13-9487a2d4cd68638d6ae48b95e09dc666 alternate_color avia-section-large avia-no-border-styling  avia-builder-el-15  el_after_av_section  avia-builder-el-last  avia-bg-style-scroll container_wrap fullsize'  ><div class='container av-section-cont-open' ><div class='template-page content  av-content-full alpha units'><div class='post-entry post-entry-type-page post-entry-2791'><div class='entry-content-wrapper clearfix'>\n\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-78sj7b-2-53cab8b7a298fd141078602e1d911316\">\n.flex_column.av-78sj7b-2-53cab8b7a298fd141078602e1d911316{\n-webkit-border-radius:0px 0px 0px 0px;\n-moz-border-radius:0px 0px 0px 0px;\nborder-radius:0px 0px 0px 0px;\npadding:0px 0px 0px 0px;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div class='flex_column av-78sj7b-2-53cab8b7a298fd141078602e1d911316 av_one_full  avia-builder-el-16  el_before_av_one_fourth  avia-builder-el-first  first flex_column_div av-zero-column-padding '     ><style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-akjvjb-3-56355c954a1f26993fe11781de15c8e4\">\n#top .av_textblock_section.av-akjvjb-3-56355c954a1f26993fe11781de15c8e4 .avia_textblock{\nfont-size:24px;\n}\n<\/style>\n<section  class='av_textblock_section av-akjvjb-3-56355c954a1f26993fe11781de15c8e4'  itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/BlogPosting\" itemprop=\"blogPost\" ><div class='avia_textblock'  itemprop=\"text\" ><h2 style=\"text-align: center;\">We would be happy to advise you.<\/h2>\n<\/div><\/section><\/div>\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-78sj7b-1-9c5da18ba8d06d9a01a4ea93b3184ea4\">\n.flex_column.av-78sj7b-1-9c5da18ba8d06d9a01a4ea93b3184ea4{\n-webkit-border-radius:0px 0px 0px 0px;\n-moz-border-radius:0px 0px 0px 0px;\nborder-radius:0px 0px 0px 0px;\npadding:0px 0px 0px 0px;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div class='flex_column av-78sj7b-1-9c5da18ba8d06d9a01a4ea93b3184ea4 av_one_fourth  avia-builder-el-18  el_after_av_one_full  el_before_av_one_half  first flex_column_div av-zero-column-padding column-top-margin'     ><\/div>\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-6khu07-f717ddc046eef236834079e21720ef46\">\n.flex_column.av-6khu07-f717ddc046eef236834079e21720ef46{\n-webkit-border-radius:0px 0px 0px 0px;\n-moz-border-radius:0px 0px 0px 0px;\nborder-radius:0px 0px 0px 0px;\npadding:0px 0px 0px 0px;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div class='flex_column av-6khu07-f717ddc046eef236834079e21720ef46 av_one_half  avia-builder-el-19  el_after_av_one_fourth  el_before_av_one_fourth  flex_column_div av-zero-column-padding column-top-margin'     ><div class=\"single-contact no-link avia-builder-el-20  avia-builder-el-no-sibling \"><div class=\"single-contact-inner\"><p>Contact<\/p><p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"250\" height=\"320\" src=\"https:\/\/stenger.legal\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/02\/stenger-rechtsanwaelte-dr-christina-kaiser-06-250x320.jpg\" class=\"wp-image-877 avia-img-lazy-loading-877 attachment-lawyer-thumbnail size-lawyer-thumbnail wp-post-image\" alt=\"\" \/><\/p><p><strong>Dr. Christina Kaiser<\/strong><\/p><p><a href=\"tel:+49 (40) 36 09 86 0\">T: +49 (40) 36 09 86 0<\/a><br><a href=\"mailto:ckaiser@stenger.legal\">M: ckaiser@stenger.legal<\/a><\/p><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-25a3ev-1a17c42911c13ecd4b0829311f17473b\">\n.flex_column.av-25a3ev-1a17c42911c13ecd4b0829311f17473b{\n-webkit-border-radius:0px 0px 0px 0px;\n-moz-border-radius:0px 0px 0px 0px;\nborder-radius:0px 0px 0px 0px;\npadding:0px 0px 0px 0px;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div class='flex_column av-25a3ev-1a17c42911c13ecd4b0829311f17473b av_one_fourth  avia-builder-el-21  el_after_av_one_half  avia-builder-el-last  flex_column_div av-zero-column-padding column-top-margin'     ><\/div>\n<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"","protected":false},"author":6,"featured_media":2783,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"inline_featured_image":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[62],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-2791","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-aviation-law"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/stenger.legal\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2791","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/stenger.legal\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/stenger.legal\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/stenger.legal\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/6"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/stenger.legal\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2791"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/stenger.legal\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2791\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2817,"href":"https:\/\/stenger.legal\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2791\/revisions\/2817"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/stenger.legal\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/2783"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/stenger.legal\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2791"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/stenger.legal\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=2791"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/stenger.legal\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=2791"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}