{"id":3291,"date":"2026-10-09T11:08:07","date_gmt":"2026-10-09T09:08:07","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/stenger.legal\/?p=3291"},"modified":"2026-10-09T11:18:16","modified_gmt":"2026-10-09T09:18:16","slug":"navigating-the-eu-air-passenger-rights-reform-part-5","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/stenger.legal\/en\/navigating-the-eu-air-passenger-rights-reform-part-5\/","title":{"rendered":"Navigating the EU Air Passenger Rights Reform Part 5"},"content":{"rendered":"<div id='av_section_1'  class='avia-section av-k0maauhv-722d794a503aa9e6eb7a4cdae65264d0 alternate_color avia-section-large avia-no-border-styling  avia-builder-el-0  el_before_av_section  avia-builder-el-first  avia-bg-style-scroll container_wrap fullsize'  ><div class='container av-section-cont-open' ><main  role=\"main\" itemprop=\"mainContentOfPage\"  class='template-page content  av-content-full alpha units'><div class='post-entry post-entry-type-page post-entry-3291'><div class='entry-content-wrapper clearfix'>\n<div class='flex_column_table av-k0macqdy-22b5bde472144ce07ad1bd648fc1f15e sc-av_one_full av-equal-height-column-flextable'>\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-k0macqdy-22b5bde472144ce07ad1bd648fc1f15e\">\n.flex_column.av-k0macqdy-22b5bde472144ce07ad1bd648fc1f15e{\n-webkit-border-radius:0px 0px 0px 0px;\n-moz-border-radius:0px 0px 0px 0px;\nborder-radius:0px 0px 0px 0px;\npadding:0px 0px 0px 0px;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div class='flex_column av-k0macqdy-22b5bde472144ce07ad1bd648fc1f15e av_one_full  avia-builder-el-1  avia-builder-el-no-sibling  first flex_column_table_cell av-equal-height-column av-align-bottom av-animated-generic fade-in av-zero-column-padding '     ><p><section  class='av_textblock_section av-akjvjb-8cf54157fdaed6af9f110ba0b2977a4c'  itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/BlogPosting\" itemprop=\"blogPost\" ><div class='avia_textblock'  itemprop=\"text\" ><p><b>Aviation Law<\/b><\/p>\n<\/div><\/section><br \/>\n\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-kwc3w1d3-1f5940b1270badbdf167231c39d44d66\">\n#top .av-special-heading.av-kwc3w1d3-1f5940b1270badbdf167231c39d44d66{\npadding-bottom:10px;\n}\nbody .av-special-heading.av-kwc3w1d3-1f5940b1270badbdf167231c39d44d66 .av-special-heading-tag .heading-char{\nfont-size:25px;\n}\n.av-special-heading.av-kwc3w1d3-1f5940b1270badbdf167231c39d44d66 .av-subheading{\nfont-size:15px;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div  class='av-special-heading av-kwc3w1d3-1f5940b1270badbdf167231c39d44d66 av-special-heading-h1 blockquote modern-quote  avia-builder-el-3  el_after_av_textblock  avia-builder-el-last  av-linked-heading'><h1 class='av-special-heading-tag'  itemprop=\"headline\"  > Navigating the EU Air Passenger Rights Reform &#8211; Part 5: rerouting as a <span class='special_amp'>\u201c<\/span>reasonable measure<span class='special_amp'>\u201d<\/span> under Article 6c and the TAP judgment<\/h1><div class=\"special-heading-border\"><div class=\"special-heading-inner-border\"><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/p><\/div><\/div><!--close column table wrapper. Autoclose: 1 --><\/div><\/div><\/main><!-- close content main element --><\/div><\/div><div id='av_section_2'  class='avia-section av-1trcuv-ebc1ccef8da3744187d350f1b5df0597 main_color avia-section-large avia-no-border-styling  avia-builder-el-4  el_after_av_section  el_before_av_section  avia-bg-style-scroll container_wrap fullsize'  ><div class='container av-section-cont-open' ><div class='template-page content  av-content-full alpha units'><div class='post-entry post-entry-type-page post-entry-3291'><div class='entry-content-wrapper clearfix'>\n\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-dhmgdj-0d223fc6d5835d8321527e1f634715f3\">\n.flex_column.av-dhmgdj-0d223fc6d5835d8321527e1f634715f3{\n-webkit-border-radius:0px 0px 0px 0px;\n-moz-border-radius:0px 0px 0px 0px;\nborder-radius:0px 0px 0px 0px;\npadding:0px 0px 0px 0px;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div class='flex_column av-dhmgdj-0d223fc6d5835d8321527e1f634715f3 av_one_fifth  avia-builder-el-5  el_before_av_three_fifth  avia-builder-el-first  first flex_column_div av-zero-column-padding '     ><\/div>\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-dhmgdj-11-61684b1cdc0c124fa7f1b596a382b0d8\">\n.flex_column.av-dhmgdj-11-61684b1cdc0c124fa7f1b596a382b0d8{\n-webkit-border-radius:0px 0px 0px 0px;\n-moz-border-radius:0px 0px 0px 0px;\nborder-radius:0px 0px 0px 0px;\npadding:0px 0px 0px 0px;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div class='flex_column av-dhmgdj-11-61684b1cdc0c124fa7f1b596a382b0d8 av_three_fifth  avia-builder-el-6  el_after_av_one_fifth  el_before_av_one_fifth  flex_column_div av-zero-column-padding '     ><style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-kl15mkxp-16360222a63865b817ed58d105577c0d\">\n.avia-image-container.av-kl15mkxp-16360222a63865b817ed58d105577c0d img.avia_image{\nbox-shadow:none;\n}\n.avia-image-container.av-kl15mkxp-16360222a63865b817ed58d105577c0d .av-image-caption-overlay-center{\ncolor:#ffffff;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div  class='avia-image-container av-kl15mkxp-16360222a63865b817ed58d105577c0d av-styling-no-styling avia-align-center  avia-builder-el-7  avia-builder-el-no-sibling '   itemprop=\"image\" itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/ImageObject\" ><div class=\"avia-image-container-inner\"><div class=\"avia-image-overlay-wrap\"><img decoding=\"async\" class='wp-image-3283 avia-img-lazy-loading-not-3283 avia_image ' src=\"https:\/\/stenger.legal\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/rsz_1flugzeug_900x450.png\" alt='' title='rsz_1flugzeug_900x450'  height=\"450\" width=\"900\"  itemprop=\"thumbnailUrl\" srcset=\"https:\/\/stenger.legal\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/rsz_1flugzeug_900x450.png 900w, https:\/\/stenger.legal\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/rsz_1flugzeug_900x450-300x150.png 300w, https:\/\/stenger.legal\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/rsz_1flugzeug_900x450-768x384.png 768w, https:\/\/stenger.legal\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/rsz_1flugzeug_900x450-360x180.png 360w, https:\/\/stenger.legal\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/rsz_1flugzeug_900x450-705x353.png 705w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 900px) 100vw, 900px\" \/><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-dhmgdj-10-6258e01dfdff79e8dd1b5b46f1a641a5\">\n.flex_column.av-dhmgdj-10-6258e01dfdff79e8dd1b5b46f1a641a5{\n-webkit-border-radius:0px 0px 0px 0px;\n-moz-border-radius:0px 0px 0px 0px;\nborder-radius:0px 0px 0px 0px;\npadding:0px 0px 0px 0px;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div class='flex_column av-dhmgdj-10-6258e01dfdff79e8dd1b5b46f1a641a5 av_one_fifth  avia-builder-el-8  el_after_av_three_fifth  el_before_av_one_fourth  flex_column_div av-zero-column-padding '     ><\/div>\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-dhmgdj-9-27e0ec82a738421997b1632cd35b3567\">\n.flex_column.av-dhmgdj-9-27e0ec82a738421997b1632cd35b3567{\n-webkit-border-radius:0px 0px 0px 0px;\n-moz-border-radius:0px 0px 0px 0px;\nborder-radius:0px 0px 0px 0px;\npadding:0px 0px 0px 0px;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div class='flex_column av-dhmgdj-9-27e0ec82a738421997b1632cd35b3567 av_one_fourth  avia-builder-el-9  el_after_av_one_fifth  el_before_av_one_half  first flex_column_div av-zero-column-padding column-top-margin'     ><\/div>\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-c66f6f-a2fdf59e8bd97eb8c5f963f91b9389a2\">\n.flex_column.av-c66f6f-a2fdf59e8bd97eb8c5f963f91b9389a2{\n-webkit-border-radius:0px 0px 0px 0px;\n-moz-border-radius:0px 0px 0px 0px;\nborder-radius:0px 0px 0px 0px;\npadding:0px 0px 0px 0px;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div class='flex_column av-c66f6f-a2fdf59e8bd97eb8c5f963f91b9389a2 av_one_half  avia-builder-el-10  el_after_av_one_fourth  el_before_av_one_fourth  flex_column_div av-zero-column-padding column-top-margin'     ><p>\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-akjvjb-8-de6a06891bb77fc1b9f222c6970e2137\">\n#top .av_textblock_section.av-akjvjb-8-de6a06891bb77fc1b9f222c6970e2137 .avia_textblock{\nfont-size:24px;\n}\n<\/style>\n<section  class='av_textblock_section av-akjvjb-8-de6a06891bb77fc1b9f222c6970e2137'  itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/BlogPosting\" itemprop=\"blogPost\" ><div class='avia_textblock'  itemprop=\"text\" ><p>While part 4 of our series focused on the passenger\u2019s right to rerouting under Article 8, this edition will focus on rerouting as a reasonable measure under Article 5(3) (new Article 6c(2)) when it comes to the airline\u2019s defense against compensation claims. We are all aware of the recent CJEU cases TAP (C-74\/19) and Austrian Airlines (264\/20) and of their extensive application by the national courts, specifically in Germany. However, the question is what impact the reform will have on this jurisprudence and whether an improvement is to be expected when it comes to the defense by invoking reasonable measures? Also, under the new Article 6c(2) a carrier is only exempt from paying compensation if it can prove that a disruption was caused by an extraordinary circumstance and could not have been avoided even if \u201call reasonable measures\u201d had been taken.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/section><br \/>\n<section  class='av_textblock_section av-akjvjb-7-fc701bd38ce8f7cece95b0d562520b44'  itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/BlogPosting\" itemprop=\"blogPost\" ><div class='avia_textblock'  itemprop=\"text\" ><p><strong>The new regulated exemption under Article 6c<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>At first sight the regulation of extraordinary circumstances might not seem much different from the old version of the regulation. The concept of extraordinary circumstances serving as an exculpation from compensation claims is nothing new. The old Article 5(3) has now been incorporated into Article 6c. Notably, the new Article 6c now expressly refers to a \u201cdirect causal link\u201d, a wording that did not appear in the former Article 5(3). This addition coincides with the CJEU\u2019s decision of March 2026 (T-656\/24), in which the existence of a direct causal link was addressed. While it cannot be established any longer whether the wording of Article 6c was actually influenced by this judgment, the temporal proximity between the judgment and the legislative amendment is noteworthy.<\/p>\n<p><strong>The judicial context: the impact of the TAP judgment<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Historically, the industry has faced uncertainty regarding the scope of \u201creasonable measures\u201d required from air carriers. In both the TAP and the Austrian Airlines, the CJEU examined in the specific circumstances of the cases, whether offering passengers a flight with the same carrier on the following day reflected all reasonable measures available to avoid the delay due to a missed connection (TAP) or the cancellation (AUA). The Court concluded that this was not the case, emphasizing that indirect connections operated by other carriers also had to be considered. While the judgment was based on the specific circumstances of the case (a missed connection and a cancellation), it has subsequently been interpreted broadly by courts and Claim Management Companies, establishing an obligation for airlines to reroute passengers even with competing carriers at the earliest possible opportunity in order to be exempt from liability, no matter what the exact circumstances are.<\/p>\n<p>Especially in Germany courts have been interpreting rerouting as the only decisive reasonable measure under the old Article 5(3) thereby establishing high standards to meet the requirements for exculpation. (German) Courts have done so irrespective of the type of carrier involved, the situation and the quality of the disruption. The perception of the aforementioned TAP judgment of the CJEU led many German courts to require carriers to also check all indirect connection for rerouting in order to be exempt from paying compensation. Additionally, carriers are expected to prove which connections they considered while rerouting. Taking into account that not all carriers use systems to automatically reroute passengers onto the best alternative flight, or do not reroute passengers onto other carriers at all, it becomes clear that carriers almost never meet these strict courts\u2019 requirements.<\/p>\n<p>The way German courts apply the CJEU judgments currently undermines the concept of exemption from liability through proof of extraordinary circumstances to the extent that only the earliest possible rerouting is relevant.<\/p>\n<p><strong>The relation of Article 6c to Article 8<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Article 6c governs the exculpation of a carrier from a compensation claim, whereas Article 8 regulates the carrier\u2019s obligation to assist passengers through alternative transport options. Only Article 8 thus considers the passenger\u2019s need for transport regardless of a disruption. Therefore, the exculpatory standard of &#8220;all reasonable measures&#8221; under Article 6c cannot impose operational requirements that extend beyond what is mandated by Article 8. In particular, providing alternative rerouting cannot automatically be classified as a mandatory &#8220;reasonable measure&#8221; required for an airline to exculpate itself from compensation liability. However, in the past (German) courts seemed to have disregarded this and applied re-routing as a reasonable measure under Article 5(3) by creating an objective and general standard.<\/p>\n<p><strong>What will change?<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Right at the beginning of the regulation, recital 2 emphasizes that the revised regulation considers CJEU judgments from the past years. However, the new regulation does not consider the two CJEU judgments on rerouting mentioned above. Therefore, there is reason to believe that the legislator aimed at counteracting excessive application of the TAP and Austrian Airlines decisions, meaning that rerouting can be a reasonable measure in individual cases but it is not always a necessity.<\/p>\n<p>Moreover, recital 5 specifies that the extraordinary circumstance must have \u201ccaused the disruption\u201d, \u201cdisruption\u201d in this case meaning for example the cancellation of a flight, which should not have been avoided even if the air carrier had taken all reasonable measures. Rerouting naturally cannot eliminate the disruption of a flight, because providing one single passenger another option to arrive (faster) at his\/her final destination does not lead to the effect that the original flight is suddenly operating or is no longer being delayed. The whole construct around rerouting as a reasonable measure is not coherent with how the regulation expects a carrier to act in cases of disruptions. The protection of passengers through rerouting is established in Article 8 and not in Art. 6c.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Conclusion<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>The new Article 6c reshapes the way we look at rerouting. Not only does it contribute to further clarity by shedding light on what is viewed as an extraordinary circumstance, but the changes also emphasize that rerouting was never supposed to be viewed as a standard reasonable measure. To conclude, the revised Articles offer a new chance of establishing rerouting as a means of support for passengers affected by a disruption, but not as a requirement for exemption from compensation claims. It remains to be seen if the national courts will follow this approach.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/section><\/p><\/div>\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-78sj7b-5981ae9f9ed2ce3ea05800ac98725130\">\n.flex_column.av-78sj7b-5981ae9f9ed2ce3ea05800ac98725130{\n-webkit-border-radius:0px 0px 0px 0px;\n-moz-border-radius:0px 0px 0px 0px;\nborder-radius:0px 0px 0px 0px;\npadding:0px 0px 0px 0px;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div class='flex_column av-78sj7b-5981ae9f9ed2ce3ea05800ac98725130 av_one_fourth  avia-builder-el-13  el_after_av_one_half  avia-builder-el-last  flex_column_div av-zero-column-padding column-top-margin'     ><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><!-- close content main div --><\/div><\/div><div id='av_section_3'  class='avia-section av-k0maauhv-13-9487a2d4cd68638d6ae48b95e09dc666 alternate_color avia-section-large avia-no-border-styling  avia-builder-el-14  el_after_av_section  avia-builder-el-last  avia-bg-style-scroll container_wrap fullsize'  ><div class='container av-section-cont-open' ><div class='template-page content  av-content-full alpha units'><div class='post-entry post-entry-type-page post-entry-3291'><div class='entry-content-wrapper clearfix'>\n\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-78sj7b-2-53cab8b7a298fd141078602e1d911316\">\n.flex_column.av-78sj7b-2-53cab8b7a298fd141078602e1d911316{\n-webkit-border-radius:0px 0px 0px 0px;\n-moz-border-radius:0px 0px 0px 0px;\nborder-radius:0px 0px 0px 0px;\npadding:0px 0px 0px 0px;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div class='flex_column av-78sj7b-2-53cab8b7a298fd141078602e1d911316 av_one_full  avia-builder-el-15  el_before_av_one_half  avia-builder-el-first  first flex_column_div av-zero-column-padding '     ><style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-akjvjb-3-56355c954a1f26993fe11781de15c8e4\">\n#top .av_textblock_section.av-akjvjb-3-56355c954a1f26993fe11781de15c8e4 .avia_textblock{\nfont-size:24px;\n}\n<\/style>\n<section  class='av_textblock_section av-akjvjb-3-56355c954a1f26993fe11781de15c8e4'  itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/BlogPosting\" itemprop=\"blogPost\" ><div class='avia_textblock'  itemprop=\"text\" ><h2 style=\"text-align: center;\">We would be happy to advise you.<\/h2>\n<\/div><\/section><\/div>\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-78sj7b-1-9c5da18ba8d06d9a01a4ea93b3184ea4\">\n.flex_column.av-78sj7b-1-9c5da18ba8d06d9a01a4ea93b3184ea4{\n-webkit-border-radius:0px 0px 0px 0px;\n-moz-border-radius:0px 0px 0px 0px;\nborder-radius:0px 0px 0px 0px;\npadding:0px 0px 0px 0px;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div class='flex_column av-78sj7b-1-9c5da18ba8d06d9a01a4ea93b3184ea4 av_one_half  avia-builder-el-17  el_after_av_one_full  el_before_av_one_half  first flex_column_div av-zero-column-padding column-top-margin'     ><div class=\"single-contact no-link avia-builder-el-18  avia-builder-el-no-sibling \"><div class=\"single-contact-inner\"><p>Contact<\/p><p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"250\" height=\"320\" src=\"https:\/\/stenger.legal\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/02\/stenger-rechtsanwaelte-jana-natascha-garisch-04-250x320.jpg\" class=\"wp-image-880 avia-img-lazy-loading-880 attachment-lawyer-thumbnail size-lawyer-thumbnail wp-post-image\" alt=\"\" \/><\/p><p><strong>Jana-Natascha Garisch, LL.M.<\/strong><\/p><p><a href=\"tel:+49 (40) 36 09 86 0\">T: +49 (40) 36 09 86 0<\/a><br><a href=\"mailto:jngarisch@stenger.legal\">M: jngarisch@stenger.legal<\/a><\/p><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-45y364-05304eaab53b5a32a332ac211de6bf20\">\n.flex_column.av-45y364-05304eaab53b5a32a332ac211de6bf20{\n-webkit-border-radius:0px 0px 0px 0px;\n-moz-border-radius:0px 0px 0px 0px;\nborder-radius:0px 0px 0px 0px;\npadding:0px 0px 0px 0px;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div class='flex_column av-45y364-05304eaab53b5a32a332ac211de6bf20 av_one_half  avia-builder-el-19  el_after_av_one_half  el_before_av_one_half  flex_column_div av-zero-column-padding column-top-margin'     ><div class=\"single-contact no-link avia-builder-el-20  avia-builder-el-no-sibling \"><div class=\"single-contact-inner\"><p>Contact<\/p><p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"250\" height=\"320\" src=\"https:\/\/stenger.legal\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/02\/stenger-rechtsanwaelte-dr-wiebke-seyffert-250x320.jpg\" class=\"wp-image-879 avia-img-lazy-loading-879 attachment-lawyer-thumbnail size-lawyer-thumbnail wp-post-image\" alt=\"\" \/><\/p><p><strong>Dr. Wiebke Seyffert<\/strong><\/p><p><a href=\"tel:+49 (40) 36 09 86 0\">T: +49 (40) 36 09 86 0<\/a><br><a href=\"mailto:wseyffert@stenger.legal\">M: wseyffert@stenger.legal<\/a><\/p><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" 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